The relationship between tigers and leopards is one of the most fascinating aspects of Ranthambhore's ecology. Tigers regularly displace leopards from prime habitat, forcing them into less productive terrain. Encounters between the two species occasionally result in aggressive confrontations, and it is estimated that three to four leopards are killed by tigers each year. In this way, tigers not only dominate the landscape but also play an important ecological role in regulating leopard numbers and shaping their distribution across the reserve.

Leopards are highly adaptable predators and maintain territories that vary depending on habitat quality, prey availability, and competition. In Ranthambhore, an adult male leopard typically occupies a territory of 20–30 km², while female territories are generally smaller, ranging from 10–20 km². Male territories usually overlap those of several females but rarely overlap with those of other adult males.

The leopard is an opportunistic hunter with a remarkably varied diet. In the Ranthambhore landscape, its principal prey includes Spotted Deer (Chital), Indian Hare, and Hanuman Langurs. It also hunts Peafowl, other ground-dwelling birds, Monitor Lizards, porcupines, and occasionally larger prey such as Sambar Deer, particularly young, old, or weakened individuals. This dietary flexibility enables leopards to thrive in habitats where larger predators, such as tigers, are also present.

Within Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, most zones, except Zone 3, offer good opportunities for leopard sightings, particularly in rugged, rocky landscapes. These areas feature steep hills, cliffs, caves, rocky outcrops and dense scrub that provide ideal cover, denning sites and vantage points for leopards. Unlike tigers, which often favour valley bottoms and areas around water sources, leopards frequently use elevated, rocky habitats. These zones can therefore be particularly rewarding for visitors hoping to observe this elusive and agile big cat.